Friday, January 31, 2020
Quantitative Research Theory Essay Example for Free
Quantitative Research Theory Essay The purpose of the quantitative method is used when measuring the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample and how it may be used in nursing practice. The quantitative method is often followed by the qualitative method, used to observe further findings. Its objective is to appraise data and conclude results from sample populations of interest. Quantitative methods highlight the importance on objective measures and numerical analysis of data gathered through questionnaires, surveys, and/or surveys. This method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Quantitative research is an objective, formal, rigorous, systematic process for creating numerical data in regards to the world. The quantitative method of conducting research is often used to describe new situations, events, or concepts and determine the effectiveness of treatments in the world. There are four types of quantitative research methods such as: descriptive research, correlation research, quasi-experimental research, and experimental research. Quantitative research is necessary in developing knowledge vital for evidence-based nursing practices. Conducting quantitative research requires rigor and control. Rigorous research provides credibility and worth. When collecting data disciplined techniques much like on-street interviews, online questionnaires, or telephone interviews should be used. Sampling sizes typically occur when using larger numbers of cases representing populations of interest, randomly selected respondents. Findings of statistical data are conclusive and definitive typically descriptive in its nature. Things to keep in mind when utilizing the quantitative method and reporting the results of a study. An explanation of the statistical treatment and data collected as relevant results are produced coinciding to the research issue under investigation. Chronologically log all unanticipated events that take place during the data collecting stage. Provide an explanation of the techniques used to gather and present v alid and credible data information. Select a sufficient statistical procedure; provide an account for the selected use and references for such. Describe assumptions for all research procedures and the efforts taken to ensure that they haven’t been violated. If using presumed statistics, descriptive statistics should be provided, confidence intervals, and sample sizes for each variable to include the value of test statistics, the direction, the significance level, and the degrees of freedom. When avoiding the use of inferring causality in particular non-randomized designs or without additional experimentation. The use of tables to provide exact value uses figures conveying global effects. In quantitative research, the objective is to determine the connection between two things, the independent and dependent variable in populations. Its designs are either descriptive or experimental. The descriptive design subjects are typically measured once, whereas experimental subjects are measured before and after treatment. The descriptive study creates associations only between variables. The experimental design, however, establi shes causality. The main characteristics are to classify features, construct statistical models, and count them in an attempt to detail what has occurred and what is observed. The research deals in logic and the objective, numbers, focusing on logic, unchanging static data and detailed, convergent reasoning as oppose to divergent reasoning. Once data has been collected in the quantitative research method, decisions must be made on how the use of information gathered can be altered to offer recommendations. Individuals compare primary focuses on basic quantitative and qualitative methodologies; qualitative methodologies investigate categories and themes of collected input, while quantitative methodologies confirm validity and reliability of the gathered statistics. The objective of this form of research is to populate gaps with knowledge. This nature of knowing is referenced often as ontology versus epistemology. Ontology is in regards to the world’s existence and in what form. Epistemology is simply described as how you know what you know. In ontological quantitative methods, an altered reality occurs in which it can be measured and appreciated to a certain degree of efficiency. In epistemology quantitative research, the process is done through objective observations and measurements. Methodology research is subjective to various ethical implications. Aside from the element of deception that is included, individuals involved in a controlled group may have a disadvantage when the outcome of treatment or interventions is unclear or believed to be underlying to existing regimens. There are ethical considerations dependent on the form of study. In example, if a study is done on evaluating the effectiveness of an epinephrine auto-injector. It would be unethical to withhold or deny interventions for individuals within the controlled group. The ethics of methodology research demands careful assessments of the benefits and risks that may occur and that information is gathered and delivered to participants during the process of gathering informed consent. A generalized guideline is viewed as â€Å"the degree of risk to be taken by those participating in the research should never exceed the potential humanitarian benefits of the knowledge to be gained†. In conclusion, the quantitative method measures the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample. The quantitative method is sometimes followed by the qualitative research, which is used to observe further findings. The method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Reference Babbie, Earl R (2010). The Practice of Social Research. Retrieved from:http://libguides.usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009sid=615867 Glesne, C. (2006). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (3rd ed.). Retrieved from:http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=737387 Polit, D.F., Hungler, B.P. (1999) Nursing Research: Principles and Methods (6th ed).Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Snap Surveys (2014). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research. Retrieved from:http://www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-research/
Thursday, January 23, 2020
World History Exam Essay --
If you asked high school students if they’d prefer community service over hanging with friends at a basketball game, most would choose to hang out with friends at the game. To some students community service is not worth their time and to others, it is considered a way to better themselves and their community. Certain high schools in Michigan require students to attain a certain number of community services hours in order to graduate. Although I personally have only done a small amount of volunteer work, I feel that requiring students to help out more in their community is a great idea. There are many ways community service hours can really benefit students such as, when filling out college applications, using academics in the real life, and it gives students hands on experience with problems in the world. For those high school students that want to go to college when they get older, filling out a college application is the most important part. Colleges look for many unique qualities in their applicants. Some students may be academically smart, play a lot of sports, or be very talented. Although you may have all the right perks to be an amazing student, those who have taken time to help in the real world go above and beyond other applicants. Community service is a great asset to have on your college application. It shows that you care about the well-being of others and would take time out of your schedule to help the less fortunate. If a child wanted to go to medical school having good grades is a must, but if on your applications it says you volunteered at the local hospital, that’s a plus and will impress the college admissions board. They will notice that not only are you reading and learning about what it takes to be in the me... ...nity service plays a big role in society today. Being able to take a look into the lives of others is such a life changing experience. Community service doesn’t just open the eyes of students but provides them with skills to take on the real world. It gives them a different perspective on the value of things. Seeing others who have much less than you can make you much more appreciative of what you’ve been given. Volunteering can also help the focus on school. Realizing that it is important to look out into the world and learn to be successful in today’s society. Requiring community service is a good idea. It will help students in the long run to become more successful then they imagined. Schools need to support students who help out their community or even others. Students need to realize that in order to claim the ultimate success their work that needs to be done.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Tata Consultancy Services Research Report
25 November 2012 Sector: IT Consulting & Software CMP: 1288 Rating: BUY Target Price: 1500     Stock Info Investment Period: 15months Introduction: Tata Consultancy Services Limited is an Indian multinational information technology services, business solutions and outsourcing Services Company founded by JRD Tata in the year 1968 headquartered in Mumbai. TCS is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It is one of India's most valuable companies and is the largest India? based IT services company by 2012 revenues. It has 183 offices across 43 countries and 117 delivery centres across 21 countries.It also has 58 subsidiary companies. Products : TCS provides a wide range of IT rela ted products such as; application development, BPO (business process outsourcing), consulting, enterprise software, payment processing, software management and education services. Following are the service lines and their percentage to the total TCS revenue in the Q2 2012? 13:? Application development and maintenance: ADM is a part of IT that works with the business to develop new software, keep it running and make ongoing improvements.Asset leverage solutions:   Assurance services: Assurance services provide independent and professional opinions that reduce the information risk (risk that comes from incorrect information). Business intelligence: BI is the ability of an organization to collec t, maintain, and organize knowledge. This produces large amounts of information that can help develop new opportunities. Market Cap: 2,52,109crs Equity: 195. 7crs Face Value: 1 52 Week H/L: 1438? 1045 Key Financials (in crores)  Net Sales EBIDTA Margin % Net Profit EPS Dividend FY 11? 12 38,858. 55 33. 87 13366. 33 55. 97 25 FY 10? 11 29,275. 0 29. 47 8700. 44 38. 62 14 Valuation Summary FY 11? 12 20. 60 8. 5 55. 31 44. 24 0. 72 FY 10? 11 23. 7 10. 4 44. 38 38. 80 na Price to Earning Price to Book RoCE % RoNW % Beta Absolute Retune 3months 1year 5. 3% 3years 131. 7% TCS 30. 1% Sensex 3. 70% 17. 90% 7. 70% Share Holding Pattern (%) Promoter FII DII Retail 74 15 6. 5 4. 5 Promoter and Promoter group: Tata Sons Ltd – 73. 75% Others – 0. 25% Foreign Institutional Investors: Number of FII Shareholders – 853 some of them include; †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Domestic Institutional Investors: Life Insurance Corporation of India – . 10% Franklin Templeton Investment Funds – 1. 67% Others – 1. 73% Retail : Individuals with value less than 1lac – 3. 5% Individuals with value more than 1lac – 1% Dividend Policy (Mar’12): Indicators TCS Wipro EPS D/P Ratio (%) D/R Ratio (%) Div Yield (%) Face Value Book value  55. 97 52 48 1. 94 1 19 36. 60 63. 40 1. 64 2 HCL 28. 13 49. 50 50. 50 1. 87 2 95. 25 Business process outsourcing: BPO is a subset of outsourcing that involves the contracting of operations and responsibilities of specific business functions or process to a third party service provider.Consulting: IT consulting is a field that focuses on advising businesses on how best to use information technology to meet their business objectives. Engineering and Industrial services:  E deliver engineering excellence and operational efficiency, ensuring a competitive advantage. Enterprise solutions: An enterprise solution is any business tool that reliably empowers you to access, share and apply resources with any of your peers and customers, anyw here, at any time.IT infrastructure services: IT Infrastructure Services (IS) Or Infrastructure Management Services (IMS) deliver end? to? end, effective and reliable solutions that transform help to business operations. Services Contribution to Quarter on overall revenue Quarter (%) (%) AMD 43. 1 3. 8 Engg Srvcs 4. 6 4. 6 IMC 11. 4 12. 5 EAS 14. 9 2. 5 Consulting 3 12 Products 2. 7 0. 8 Testing 7. 7 5. 9 BPO 12. 6 1. 3 IMC was the key growth service line, expanding 12. 5% QoQ, followed by Consulting which also grew 12% QoQ. BPO, EAS and Products lagged during the last quarter. Sector Wise Performance (Q2 2012? 3): Verticals Contribution to Quarter on overall revenue Quarter (%) (%) BFSI Mfg Telecom Healthcare Retail Transportation Energy  Media Hi? Tech Others 126. 50 99 42. 8 8. 2 10. 3 5. 2 13. 4 3. 6 3. 6 2. 2 5. 9 4. 9 4. 6 9. 0 5. 1 3. 1 6. 6 2. 2 5. 1 5. 1 3. 3 7. 2 Capital Structure (in crores)  Mar’12 Mar’11  Shareholder’s funds Equity 195. 72 195. 72   Preference 100 100 Reserves 24560. 90 19283. 77 Net worth 24856. 63 19579. 50 Debt funds Secured  93. 47 35. 87 Unsecured  2. 76 5. 25 Total Debt 96. 23 41. 12 Total 24952. 86 19620. 1 Capital *Preference Shares worth 100crs issued to Tata Sons Ltd (the holding company) which would be redeemable at par at the end of six years from the date of allotment ie. March 28, 2008, but may be redeemable any time after 3years from the date of allotment at the option of shareholder. These shares would carry a fixed cumulative dividend of 1% pa and a variable non? cumulative dividend of 1% of the difference between the rate of dividend declared during the year on the equity shares and average rate of dividend declared on the equity shares for three years preceding the issue of redeemable preference shares. BFSI grew 4. % QoQ, despite being affected by the current environment and contributed 87% to the incremental revenues. While telecom too grew at an impressive 5. 1% despite industry trouble, the manufacturing and retail verticals grew the fastest. Geographies Growth (Q2 2012? 2013): Verticals Contribution to QoQ (%) overall revenue (%) North America 52. 8 3. 2 Latin America 3. 4 7. 7 UK 17. 1 5. 2 Europe 9. 5 3. 5 India 7. 5 10. 5 APAC 7. 6 7. 4 MEA 2. 1 4. 6 *APAC – Asia Pacific, *MEA – Middle East and Africa Growth was driven by emerging economies. India (10. 5%) grew the fastest, followed by Latin America and APAC (7. % . 4%) respectively. UK (5. 2%) remained strong, with Europe and North America growing at (3. 5% . 2%). Board of Directors †¢ Executive Board Members Weighted Average Cost of Capital   Rf – Risk Free Rate of Return = 8%, Rm – Market Return (nifty) for 1year = 10. 80% (moneycontrol. com), Beta = 0. 72 (reuters. com) Tax Rate = 2390. 35/13366. 33 (tax expenses/PBT) = 17. 88%  We (proportion of equity) = E/ (E+D) = 24856. 60 / 24952. 85 = 0. 9961  Wd (proportion of debt) = D/ (E+D) = 96. 23 / 24952. 85 = 0. 0039  Kd (cost of debt) = Interest paid / total debt = 16. 0 / 96. 23 = 0. 1704  Tax Shield = 0. 1704 (1? 0. 1788) = 0. 1399  Ke (cost of equity) = Rf + B(Rm? Rf) = 0. 80 + 0. 72 (0. 108? 0. 08) = 0. 10  WACC = (We*Ke) + (Wd*Kd) = (0. 9961*0. 10) + (0. 0039*0. 1399) = 10. 015% N Chandrasekaran – CEO S Mahalingam – CFO †¢ Non? Executive Board Members Ratan Tata – Chairman S Ramadorai – Vice Chairman Cyrus Mistry – Deputy Chairman Suprakash Mukhopadhyay – Company Secretary Compliance Officer R Sommer, I Hussain, V Kelkar, A Mehta, V Thyagarajan, Laura Cha, C M Christensen, P A Vandrevala O P Bhatt – DirectorsCompetitors:  Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Mahindra? Satyam, Tech Mahindra, Patni Computers etc. Financial Summary Profit : Balance Sheet: 2011 Revenue from operations Other Income Total Income Expenses a. Employee benefit expenses b. Operation and other expenses 2012 2012   195. 72 100 24560. 91 24856. 63  96. 23 118. 10 197. 59 154. 78 566. 70  2847. 18 1598. 56 4389. 74 8835. 48 34258. 81    4012. 16 51. 46 1399. 82 5463. 44 5150. 15 139. 74 4332. 81 2636. 88 17723. 02  538. 24 4. 14 1567. 47 9107. 72 3280. 07 1648. 2 389. 43 16535. 79 34258. 81 2011   195. 72 100 19283. 77 19579. 49  36. 33 69. 32 129. 91 76. 17 311. 73  2153. 38 1584. 27 2413. 94 6151. 59 26042. 81    3363. 78 58. 40 1072. 86 4495. 04 5457. 91 52. 03 2864. 09 2603. 26 15472. 33  337. 58 5. 37 836. 37 4806. 67 3120. 52 1369. 05 94. 92 10570. 48 26042. 81 38858. 54 29275. 41 2685. 18 494. 73 41543. 72 29770. 14 14100. 41 10221. 85 13372. 41 10290. 03 c. Finance costs 16. 40 d. Depreciation 688. 17 and Amortisation 20. 01 537. 82 Total Expenses 28177. 39 21069. 1 Profit before Tax Tax expenditure: a. Current tax 13366. 33 8700. 43 2865. 38 1335. 73 30. 32 (235. 61) b. Deferred tax (38. 93) c. MAT credit entitlement Total (436. 10) 2390. 35 1130. 44 Profit after tax 10975. 98 7569. 99 Earnings Per Share 55. 95 38. 61 Liabilities Shareholders’ Funds Equity capital Preference capital Reserves TOTAL Non? current Liabilities  a. Long Term Borrowing b. Deferred tax liabilities (net) c. Other long? term liabilities d. Long term provisions TOTAL Current Liabilities a. Trade payables  b. Other current liabilities c. Short? erm provisions TOTAL SOURCES OF FUNDS  Assets Non? current Assets a. Fixed assets 1. Tangible assets 2. Intangible asset s 3. Capital work? in? progress TOTAL b. Non? current Investments c. Deferred tax assets (net) d. Long term loans e. Other non? current assets TOTAL Current Assets a. Current Investments b. Inventories c. Unbilled Revenue d. Trade receivables e. Cash and bank balances f. Short? term loan g. Other current assets TOTAL APPLICATION OF FUNDS Long? Term Provisions consist of provision for employees include gratuity and other employee benefits. Short?Term Provisions includes provision for employee benefits and for proposed final dividend on equity shares . Current Liabilities includes income received in advance, fair value of foreign exchange forwards and currency options contracts secured against trade receivables . Ratio Analysis with Peer Competition:? FY? 12  27. 52 29. 30 26. 15 55. 31 44. 24 126. 50 In (%)  Gross Profit Margin  Operating Profit Margin Net Profit Margin  Return on Capital Employed Return on Net Worth Return on Total Assets TCS Wipro FY? 11 FY? 12 FY? 11    Profitability Ratios 28. 2 17. 29 19. 62 29. 96 19. 63 21. 90 25. 44 14. 39 17. 96 44. 38 21. 41 22. 34 38. 80 99. 53 19. 23  20. 41 HCL Technologies FY? 12 FY? 11   24. 21 28. 18 25. 66 33. 64 29. 53  19. 13 23. 42 24. 31 21. 20 20. 45 Current Ratio Quick Ratio Debt? Equity Ratio Asset Turnover Ratio Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio Debtors Turnover Ratio 2. 45 2. 43 0. 01 1. 74à ‚ 5. 39 5. 59 Solvency Ratios 2. 41 1. 92 1. 45 2. 40 2. 48 2. 20 0. 01 0. 22 0. 22 Management Efficiency Ratios 4. 91 1. 14 3. 45 4. 91 3. 81 3. 45 7. 19 4. 61 4. 87 1. 38 1. 42 0. 11 1. 26 2. 88 4. 88
Monday, January 6, 2020
Essay on Crime and Punishment in the Elizabethan Age
In order to determine what the law was in the Elizabethan Age for crime and punishment, you must research crime and punishment in that age, the laws and the acts. In the Elizabethan Age there were many different crimes. Each of those crimes had their own punishment or punishments. They were very strict about what they could and could not do in this age. If you have ever thought about planning a crime, you would have to really think about the punishment you would receive. To begin, the Elizabethan Age had many extremely different crimes that could be committed. Most of the people who had committed these crimes were the unemployed and the poor. The first crime that could be committed was treason. There are two different types of†¦show more content†¦Next, the punishments that a person could get will vary on what they committed and how bad the punishment the people thought they should get. The punishments in the Elizabethan Age are very brutal because back then, they be lieved that violence was acceptable and a natural habit for mankind. The Great Punishment is the worst punishment a person could get. The felon will be hung, but they will not die while being hanged. They will take the felon down, quarter their body while still alive, and bury them in the ground. Quartering someone’s body is to cut their body in quarters. Torturing a person would come next to the Great Punishment. The will put the felon on a rack, in a collar, or even burn them with a branding iron on the cheek, back, or leg. Other general punishments include being decapitated and putting their head on top of a post, they could be branded on the cheek or burned on the left hand, whipped out in public for everyone to see, they could be sent to the military, be sent to correction facilities, hung to die at the place where the felon had committed their crime, or they could even be beheaded. If the crimes were extremely severe the felon would have the reign of â€Å"Bloo dy Mary†put on them. Bloody Mary is a legend that appears in the mirror when her name is called multiple times and appears bloody. The Elizabethan Age was very serious about the punishments that they gave their felons.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Elizabethan Era: The Golden Age1205 Words  | 5 Pagessilver- these are just a few thoughts that come to mind when one hears the term â€Å"Elizabethan Era†; however, there is more to this period than what meets the eye. The Elizabethan Era was a significant epoch in the United Kingdom’s history. Ranging from 1558 to 1603, this was during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. 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It is a punishment for public drunkenness;Read MoreEssay on The Punishments of the Medieval era1244 Words  | 5 PagesThe Punishments of the Medieval Era When Shakespeare was born in 1564, Queen Elizabeth had taken power a mere 6 years prior, and her justice system was very different from ours. In this paper, I hope to explore some of the ways punishments were different, such as how many crimes had individual punishments, often times depending on how severe the crime was. I will also go in-depth to one of the most infamous cases of the medieval period. Imprisonment was very rare. If you were in jailRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And The Elizabethan Age Essay1474 Words  | 6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was the great poet, actor, and playwright from the Elizabethan age. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 and would then die exactly fifty two years later. Throughout time, his plays have continued to grow in popularity and notoriety. Many of the saying first penned by William Shakespeare, we still use today. Such lines as; â€Å"As good luck would have it (The Merry Wives of Windsor), Dead as a doornail (2 Henry VI), Full circle (King Lear), and Milk of human kindness (Macbeth)†Read More European Colonization in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1279 Words  | 6 Pagesinfections that the sun sucks up/From bogs, fens, flats on Prospero fall... (II, ii., ll.1-2). Caliban himself embodies many of the characteristics that civilized Europeans came to associate with the primitive natives of the New World. As in the Elizabethan stereotype, Caliban is without moral restraint, and, more specifically, he is lustful in the same way that Native Americans were viewed in the early seventeenth century as dangerous despoilers of innocent white women like Miranda. And, akin to the
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